The Decline of Indonesia’s Leadership Role in ASEAN: Systemic and Domestic Constraints of Jokowi’s Foreign Policy Alterations

This article addresses how systemic stimuli and domestic constraints, specifically on the perception of foreign policy executives, influence Indonesia’s leadership decline in ASEAN under Joko Widodo’s first presidential term. Through lens neoclassical realism, it is concluded that attributed to changing geopolitical landscape Asia, with assertive rise China need find other models grand strategies facing regional hegemon. Furthermore, there a unified irrelevance maintaining role ASEAN, executives Indonesian President Ministry Foreign Affairs have this approach. Implementation research contribution framework certain region understand perspective among actual output policy. contributes discourses of; (1) elite perceptions as intervening variables understanding alterations behavior, (2) empirical analysis during presidency Widodo.
 
 Received: 16 August 2021 / Accepted: 25 October Published: 3 January 2022